It refers to the socialization that takes place beyond the family and the close community. It is carried out through agencies of secondary socialization such as the education system, the peer group ( a group of people of similar age ...

Primary socialization refers to socialization during the early years of childhood, and is carried out the family and the close community. It is during primary socialization that children first begin to learn about the basic values and norms and other ...

An individual is identified by the following: ▪️ Their age ▪️ Their sexual preference ▪️ Their gender ▪️ Their education ▪️ Their nationality ▪️ Their religion ▪️ Their income and the social class they belong to ▪️ Their occupation and ...

The consensus theory is the approach adopted by functional sociologists. It seems society as a whole working unit, quite similar to a human body. It suggests that just like the human body where every organ depends on the other one ...

The conflict theory is an approach that sees society as having many social issues and differences, with inequalities in wealth, power and status. All creating conflict between individuals and groups.

The Macro approach is one that focuses on the large scale structure of the society as a whole, while the micro approach is one that focuses on individuals and very small groups of people.

Social problems are tackled by the application of social policies. A social policy refers to the plans and actions of national local governments and various voluntary agencies designed to solve social problems and improve the life chances the citizens living ...

Social problems are matters that are in some way harmful to members of the society, and that need something to be done to sort them out or the social balance would collapse, causing a chaos in the society. They cause ...

Racism is believing or acting as though an individual or a group is superior or inferior on the grounds of racial or ethnic origins, usually based on skin colour or other physical characteristics, and suggesting that groups defined as inferior ...

A stereotype is a generalized, over simplified view of the features of a social group, allowing for a few individual differences among its members. The assumption that all members of the group share the same features, attitudes and behavioural similarities.

“The Hidden Curriculum” refers to the attitude and behaviour which is taught through the school’s organisation and teacher’s attitudes but which are not part of the formal timetable.

Social control is the process of persuading or enforcing individuals to conform to the values and norms of a society.

Role Conflict is the conflict that arises between the successful performances of two or more roles at the same time.

Consumer goods are products and services that people buy to satisfy their need and desires, such as food, clothes, furniture etc.

Identity is about how individuals see and define themselves and how other people in their sociological environment see or define them.

Culture refers to the language, beliefs, values and norms, customs, roles, knowledge and skills which combine to make up the way of life of any society.

Objectivity means approaching topics with an open mind, avoiding any king of bias, and being prepared to submit research evidence that could prove the research of sociologists of the past, wrong.

Process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, language, social skills, and value to conform to the norms and roles required for integration into a group or community. It is a combination of both self-imposed (because the individual wants to conform) ...

Roles are the patterns of behaviour which are expected from people in a society.

Norms are social rules which define correct or appropriate behaviour in a society or group.

Values are general beliefs about what is right and what is not.

Customs are social behavioural rules that have existed for a long time.

Sociology is the systematic study of human groups and social life in modern societies. It is concerned with the study of social institutions.